The Lincoln consists of three ranger districts; Sacramento, Smokey Bear and Guadalupe. There are three major mountain ranges; Sacramento, Guadalupe and Capitan that cover 1,103,441 acres in parts of four counties in southeastern New Mexico. Elevations of 4,000 to 11,500 feet pass through five different life zones from Chihuahuan desert to subalpine forest. Vegetation ranges from rare cacti in the lower elevations to Englemann spruce in the higher.
Temperatures also vary with elevation. At higher elevations, 7,000 feet and up, summer nights are chilly 40º and days are warm 78º, while winter temperatures can drop to a -15º at night and rise to 40º-50º during the day. At lower elevations, 6000-7000 feet, winter temperatures rarely fall below 0 and usually run from teens to 50s. Summer temperatures range from 50º to 85º. At the lowest elevations, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, temperatures are generally 10 degrees higher throughout the year.
Spring is the windy season. High winds dry the forest to the point of extreme fire danger. Fire season usually starts in March or April and continues through mid-July. If the fire danger becomes too high, open fires may be prohibited, requiring the use of contained fuel stoves for cooking. The rainy season begins in July and continues through September. The first snows fall in late October or early November.
Due to the rapidly changing environment, forest users are constantly faced with safety factors which they should be familiar with and avoid trouble through awareness and preparedness.
